Abstract
Air pollution remains a serious problem in Krakow, Poland. According to the European Environmental Agency, annual mean levels of both PM2.5 and PM10 recorded in Krakow are much higher than EU limit values. Thus, the influence of particulate matter (PM) on the function of living organisms, as well as different physiological processes, is an urgent subject to be studied. The reported research forms part of the multi-disciplinary project ‘Air Pollution versus Autoimmunity: Role of multiphase aqueous Inorganic Chemistry,’ which aims to demonstrate the PM effect on the immune system. The present studies focused on the role of dust collected in Krakow on the redox cycling of vitamin B12a in the presence of ascorbic acid. Dust samples collected during the winter 2019/2020 and summer 2020 months in the city center of Krakow were characterized using various analytical techniques. The influence of Krakow dusts on the kinetics of the reaction between nitrocobalamin and ascorbic acid was confirmed and discussed in terms of the composition of the samples. Possible reasons for the reported findings are provided.
Highlights
The City of Krakow, Poland, remains to be one of the most air-polluted cities in Poland as well as in Europe [1,2]
The reported studies focused on the role of dust samples collected in the center of Krakow during winter summer seasons thesamples formation of nitrosylcobalamin
The findings arethe reported the folmeasurements were performed to confirm the role of Krakow dust on reactioninbetween lowing sections.and ascorbic acid
Summary
The City of Krakow, Poland, remains to be one of the most air-polluted cities in Poland as well as in Europe [1,2]. According to the latest European Environmental Agency report [3], the annual mean concentration in 2018 in Krakow (sampling point PL0012A_6001_001). 95.0 μg/m3 (sampling point SPO_PL0012A_5_001) for PM10 (compared with the EU annual limiting value of 50 μg/m3 ). The high level of air pollution is caused mostly by power plants, steel mills, different factories, traffic, and emissions caused by coal stoves that mostly come from neighboring towns, especially during autumn–winter months [5,6,7,8,9]. Since air pollution in Krakow is such a serious problem, our intention was to demonstrate the role of PM on the function of living organisms, as well as different physiological processes, especially within the context of the immune system response. We initiated to undertake the multi-disciplinary project ‘Air Pollution versus Autoimmunity: Role of multiphase aqueous Inorganic Chemistry’ (APARIC), funded by the National Science
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