Influence of key parameters on the performance of RAP-inclusive geopolymer concrete pavements: An approach integrating sensitivity analysis

Abstract

The current study investigates the integration of Reclaimed Asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregates into geopolymer concrete, thereby providing a promising avenue for reinforcing sustainability in rigid pavement systems. Fly Ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) based geopolymer mixes were designed to accentuate the performance with regards to varying molarity of NaOH (10 M-16 M), aggregate replacement levels (0%−100%) and curing periods. The experimental findings revealed a significant decrease in 28 days of compressive and flexural strength within 14 M-100% RAP mixes (57.6% and 39.7%, respectively). Nevertheless, GPC mixes incorporating 50% coarse RAP successfully met the prescribed strength criteria, making them suitable for Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) applications. Additionally, the assessment of porosity and Water Absorption (WA) revealed a noticeable decrease with an increase in molarity as well as RAP fractions in the mix. Long-term performance was further assessed through resistance to surface abrasion, showing a maximum abrasive depth of 0.302 mm for 10 M-100%RAP mixes, thus affirming the durability of the RAP-GPC system. Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) additionally demonstrated that the presence of adhered asphalt in RAP aggregates reduces porosity and enhances resistance to chloride ingress. Subsequently, the microstructural analysis and the study of solid-state NMR aided in comprehending the matrix behaviour, potentially linked to the performance of the mixes. The experimentally obtained compressive strength results were further statistically analysed through the Sensitivity Analysis (SA) approach, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between various strength-affecting parameters.