Abstract
The article shows the results of studying the influence of soil moisture, cellulose-decomposing activity of microorganisms and the amount of nutrients on barley productivity in crop rotations and monocrops in the central zone of Orenburg region. The purpose of the experiment is to identify the effect of moisture, soil cellulolytic activity and macronutrients (nitrates, phosphorus, potassium) on barley productivity increase in crop rotations and in monocrop cultivation. The following research methods were used: field, thermostatic-weight, application-weight, ionometric and Machigin methods. There was a yield increase of barley feed and energy units up to 2.10, 1.63 and 1.24, 0.96 t/ha in the second and fourth variants of the experiment on a fertilized background on average for 2002-2020. The increase of feed unit yield occurs due to productive moisture utilization by the plant during the growing season of 32.3, 32.2 mm, nitrates - 4.20, 1.91 mg, phosphorus - 1.76, 0.50 and potassium - 2.47, 1.01 mg/100 g of soil in case of cellulose- decomposing activity of microorganisms - 7.93 and 10.37%. As far as other variants of the experiment is concerned, the range of soil moisture on nutritional background is from 17.4 to 41.7 mm during sowing and 3.5-10.5 mm during harvesting; the degree of linen decomposition - 4.05-9.37%, the content of digestible nitrates - 0.05-1.11 mg, mobile phosphorus - 0.04-0.29 mg, exchangeable potassium - 0.05-0.95 mg /100 g, feed units - 1.16-1.44 t, energy units - 0.68-0.85 t per 1 ha. As a result of the study, the influence of moisture, activity of microorganisms, nutrients on barley productivity growth was determined as a result of the aftereffects of millet and peas in crop rotations after application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of 40: 80: 40 kg (N: P: K) of the active substance per 1 ha. The yield dependence of barley energy feed units in a crop rotation with millet on the content of used nitrates in the arable soil layer was found.
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