Influence of Isolation Methods on Retention of Pit and Fissure Sealants in Young Permanent Teeth based on Simonsen’s Criteria: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Abstract

Introduction: Pit and Fissure Sealants (PFS) are chemically-active liquid materials that are introduced into the occlusal surface of caries-susceptible teeth. These form a micro mechanically bonded, protective layer preventing access to caries-producing bacteria, from rest of the oral environment. Aim: To evaluate the retention of PFS placed on young permanent teeth using two isolation methods. Materials and Methods: This clinical study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, at Narayana Dental College and Hospital, Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India. One hundred Permanent First Molars (PFM) from 25 healthy, cooperative children in the age group of 6-9 years were assigned by block randomisation into two groups (isolation type); each group containing the upper and lower PFMs of the right and left side receiving two different treatment modalities (split-mouth design). In Group I (n=50 teeth), the teeth received sealant with rubber dam isolation, and in Group II (n=50 teeth), with cotton roll isolation. The sealant was applied to all the PFMs as indicated. All the teeth were evaluated using Simonsen’s criteria at regular intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS statistical package (version 17) and statistical significance was set at 0.05. The difference in the retention of PFS with the two isolation methods was analysed using the Chi-square test. Results: After 12 months, the marginal integrity rate for sealants placed with a rubber dam and cotton roll isolation were 75% and 64%, respectively. The results were better in Group I than in Group II, although there were no statistically significant differences with respect to marginal integrity, discolouration, and anatomical failure. Conclusion: Retention of PFS in young permanent teeth was better with rubber dam than cotton rolls for isolation, though the results were not statistically significant.