Abstract
The stability of fine sodium caseinate emulsions (1 wt.% protein, 25 vol.% n-tetradecane, 20 mM imidazole, pH 7) containing various concentrations of calcium chloride has been investigated under perikinetic and orthokinetic conditions by measuring time-dependent changes in droplet-size distribution. Under quiescent storage conditions at 20°C, samples containing at least 10 mM ionic calcium added after emulsification were found to exhibit an increasing average droplet size with time and a developing bimodal droplet-size distribution. Under turbulent conditions of intense shearing, these same emulsions exhibited time-dependent flocculation and coalescence. This interpretation was confirmed by light microscopy. Emulsions prepared with up to 6 mM Ca 2+ present during emulsification were stable in the presence or absence of flow, but satisfactory emulsions could not be prepared containing more than 6 mM ionic calcium. The results show that the emulsion stability is sensitive to whether the calcium ion content is adjusted before or after homogenization.
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