Abstract
BackgroundInformation on the role of intermittent fasting (IF) on pathologic cardiac remodeling is scarce. We compared the effects of IF before and after myocardial infarction (MI) on rat cardiac remodeling and survival.MethodsWistar rats were intermittently fasted (food available every other day) or fed ad libitum for 12 weeks and then divided into three groups: AL – fed ad libitum; AL/IF - fed AL before MI and IF after MI; and IF – fed IF before and after MI. Echocardiogram was performed before MI and 2 and 12 weeks after surgery. Isolated hearts were evaluated in Langendorff preparations.ResultsBefore surgery, body weight (BW) was lower in IF than AL. Final BW was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL. Perioperative mortality did not change between AL (31.3%) and IF (27.3%). Total mortality was lower in IF than AL. Before surgery, echocardiographic parameters did not differ between groups. Two weeks after surgery, MI size did not differ between groups. Twelve weeks after MI, left ventricular (LV) diastolic posterior wall thickness was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL. The percentage of variation of echocardiographic parameters between twelve and two weeks showed that MI size decreased in all groups and the reduction was higher in IF than AL/IF. In Langendorff preparations, LV volume at zero end-diastolic pressure (V0; AL: 0.41 ± 0.05; AL/IF: 0.34 ± 0.06; IF: 0.28 ± 0.05 mL) and at 25 mmHg end-diastolic pressure (V25; AL: 0.61 ± 0.05; AL/IF: 0.54 ± 0.07; IF: 0.44 ± 0.06 mL) was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL and V25 was lower in IF than AL/IF. V0/BW ratio was lower in IF than AL and LV weight/V0 ratio was higher in IF than AL. Myocyte diameter was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL (AL: 17.3 ± 1.70; AL/IF: 15.1 ± 2.21; IF: 13.4 ± 1.49 μm). Myocardial hydroxyproline concentration and gene expression of ANP, Serca 2a, and α- and β-myosin heavy chain did not differ between groups.ConclusionIntermittent fasting initiated before or after MI reduces myocyte hypertrophy and LV dilation. Myocardial fibrosis and fetal gene expression are not modulated by feeding regimens. Benefit is more evident when intermittent fasting is initiated before rather than after MI.
Highlights
Information on the role of intermittent fasting (IF) on pathologic cardiac remodeling is scarce
BW body weight, HR heart rate, LVDD and LV diastolic and systolic dimensions (LVSD) left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic diameters, respectively, LVDPWT LV diastolic posterior wall thickness, Left atrial diameter (LA) left atrial diameter, E-wave and A-wave early and late diastolic mitral inflow, respectively, Isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) isovolumic relaxation time, IVRTn IVRT normalized to heart rate, EDT E-wave deceleration time; Δ Area: fractional area change
BW body weight, HR heart rate, LVDD and LVSD left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic diameters, respectively, LVDPWT LV posterior wall thickness, LA left atrial diameter, E-wave and A-wave early and late diastolic mitral inflow, respectively, IVRT isovolumic relaxation time, IVRTn IVRT normalized to heart rate, EDT: E-wave deceleration time; Δ Area: fractional area change
Summary
Information on the role of intermittent fasting (IF) on pathologic cardiac remodeling is scarce. We compared the effects of IF before and after myocardial infarction (MI) on rat cardiac remodeling and survival. Many dietary regimens are used to decrease body weight and preserve a healthy body mass. Intermittent fasting has become an approach to energy restriction in humans [4]. Observational data on the relationship between long-term intermittent fasting and risk of cardiometabolic disease are limited, there is evidence that both alternate-day fasting and periodic fasting may be effective for weight loss [3, 5]. Beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors have been reported including reductions in body fat, and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels [3,4,5]
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