Abstract
Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BS), and silica fume (SF), have been mostly used as a replacement for Portland cement (PC). Replacing the SCMs with cement can provide improved strength characteristics; however, their applicability depends on the flow characteristics of the fresh mixtures. In this study, the rheological performance of cementitious suspensions in paste scale with different water-to-solid (W/S) volume ratios, varied from 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, to 2.50, was evaluated. As a result of the rheological tests, the yield stress and plastic viscosity of PC, FA, BS, and SF suspensions decreased as the W/S ratio increased. This study also estimated the inter-particle distances of the cementitious suspensions, and their relationship to the rheological properties was established. The inter-particle distances of the PC, FA, BS, and SF suspensions were in the ranges of 5.74~14.67 µm, 5.18~11.66 µm, 3.82~9.34 µm, and 0.107~0.27 µm, respectively. For very fine particles with a large surface area, the sensitivity to the rheological properties was high and the sensitivity was low when the particle sizes increased, indicating that the rheological properties were more sensitive to fine particles.
Highlights
Cementitious materials are the most reliable and essential components used for a wide range of construction applications, from buildings to special structures [1,2]
This study was designed to determine the rheological properties of Portland cement (PC), fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BS), and silica fume (SF) suspensions with different W/S ratios, which varied from 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.25, to 2.50
The W/S ratios were more significant in decreasing the rheological properties of all the cementitious suspensions
Summary
Cementitious materials are the most reliable and essential components used for a wide range of construction applications, from buildings to special structures [1,2]. Cementitious materials are mainly classified into the following two types: hydraulic cement and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) [3,4,5,6,7]. SCMs such as metakaolin, fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume were used with Portland cement to improve its workability, strength, and durability [8,9,10,11,12]. Using SCMs as a partial replacement for cement has a great environmental advantage and contributes significant progress towards sustainable construction [13,14,15,16]. The replacement of Portland cement with SCMs can provide improved strength characteristics and environmental advantages, and the applicability of SCMs depends on the flowability of the fresh mixtures. Various studies have previously been designed to investigate the rheological behavior of cement pastes and the effectiveness of using
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