Abstract
BackgroundTomato crop, Lycopersicon esculentum L. (Solanaceae), usually attacked by many insect species, including the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), where its larvae cause damage up to 80–100% by due to its feeding habits by making tunnels in all tomato parts. The influence of insect traps application and insecticides sequential as a tactic for T. absoluta management was carried out.ResultsSex pheromone and sticky traps were used for mass trapping this pest; sex pheromone traps were more effective than the sticky one; the number of caught insects was higher in the untreated plots than the treated one. Also, the general mean number of captured insects by sex pheromone traps was 432.89 and 633.40 (vegetative stage) and 691.3 and 1865.5 (fruiting stage) adults/trap/week, for treatment and control, respectively. When the first infestation appeared, the non-conventional insecticides were consecutively sprayed once/week for 3 weeks with the following order: Radiant, Coragen, and Emperor (during the vegetative stage). After that, the formulated essential oils Nimbecidine (commercial) and Rosa (prepared) were respectively sprayed twice/week for 2 weeks (during the fruiting stage). The general average of reduction in infestation reached 95.81% when non-conventional insecticides were used, while it reached 92.15% when the formulated essential oils were used. Finally, at the end of the experiment, promising mean reduction in infestation reached 93.98% was achieved. Yield of marketable healthy fruits was recorded and expressed as ton/feddan. Treatments gave significantly higher yield over untreated control. The tomato yield reached 28.25 t/fed. compared with control (8.35 t/fed.), which gain 19.94 t/fed. equal to 238.32% more than the untreated control.ConclusionsThe results indicated that insect traps and insecticides sequential application as a tactic for management T. absoluta were more effective; the rotation of insecticides avoid build up resistance and achieved satisfied reduction (93.98%) in the infestation and high yield production.
Highlights
Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), which belongs to family Solanaceae, is an important and profitable vegetables for fresh marketing processing
The results revealed that the most effective compounds were Emperor 0.5% Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Coragen 20% Suspension concentrate (SC), and Radiant 12% SC as non-conventional insecticides as well as the natural compounds Rosa 5% EC and Nimbecidine 3.5% EC, so, they have been selected for the sequential application against T. absoluta, using the LC90 values (Table 1) (Abdelmaksoud 2019)
Mass trapping of T. absoluta adults Sex pheromone traps The data set out in Table 3 indicated that the mean numbers of the adult caught in the first inspection before begging the insecticides sequence applications were 263 and 241 adults/trap/week for sequential treatment and control, respectively, increased gradually with time elapsed
Summary
Tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.), which belongs to family Solanaceae, is an important and profitable vegetables for fresh marketing processing. T. absoluta was firstly recorded in both Algeria, Morocco, and Libya in 2008 and 2009 and continued to invade Egypt in 2010 (Moussa et al 2013; Salem and Abdel-Moniem 2015; Sylla et al 2017; Biondi et al 2018). The larvae of this insect have destructive effects on tomatoes and causing yield losses being 80– 100%. The influence of insect traps application and insecticides sequential as a tactic for T. absoluta management was carried out
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