Influence of Injection Timing on Performance and Exhaust Emission of CI Engine Fuelled with Butanol-Diesel Using a 1D GT-Power Model

Salman Abdu Ahmed,Adil Malik,Song Zhou,Yongming Feng,Yuanqing Zhu,Naseem Ahmad

doi:10.3390/pr7050299

Abstract

Injection timing variations have a significant effect on the performance and pollutant formation in diesel engines. Numerical study was conducted to investigate the impact of injection timing on engine performance and pollutants in a six-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine. Diesel fuel with different amounts (5%, 15%, and 25% by volume) of n-butanol was used. Simulations were performed at four distinct injection timings (5°, 10°, 20°, 25°CA bTDC) and two distinct loads of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP = 4.5 bar and 10.5 bar) at constant engine speed (1800 rpm) using the GT-Power computational simulation package. The primary objective of this research is to determine the optimum injection timing and optimum blending ratio for improved efficiencies and reduced emissions. Notable improvements in engine performance and pollutant trends were observed for butanol-diesel blends. The addition of butanol to diesel fuel has greatly diminished NOX and CO pollutants but it elevated HC and CO2 emissions. Retarded injection timing decreased NOX and CO2 pollutants while HC and CO2 emissions increased. The results also indicated that early injection timings (20°CA bTDC and 25°CA bTDC) lowered both CO2 and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Moreover, advanced injection timing slightly improved brake thermal efficiency (BTE) for all engine loads. It is concluded that retarded injection timing, i.e., 10°CA bTDC demonstrated optimum results in terms of performance, combustion and emissions and among the fuels 15B showed good outcome with regard to BTE, higher heat release rate, and lower pollution of HC, CO, and NOx.

Highlights

Diesel engines are alluring because of their high power yield, good fuel transformation proficiency, relatively low fuel consumption, and high durability [1,2]
It is concluded that retarded injection timing, i.e., 10◦ CA bTDC demonstrated optimum results in terms of performance, combustion and emissions and among the fuels 15B showed good outcome with regard to brake thermal efficiency (BTE), higher heat release rate, and lower pollution of HC, Carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NOx)
Diesel engines are outstanding for their elevated efficiency and mileage, they have gaseous emissions at their exhaust that consist mainly of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide (NOx), CO, and HC which are noxious to human health [3]

Summary

Introduction

Diesel engines are alluring because of their high power yield, good fuel transformation proficiency, relatively low fuel consumption, and high durability [1,2]. For the minimization of gaseous pollution, scientists have concentrated their pursuit in the realm of fuel-associated methods, such as the utilization of substitute fuels, often in fumigated form, or vaporous fuels of a renewable nature that are ambiance-friendly. Alcohol fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol, can be used with diesel fuels in different percentage blends for CI engine as a clean alternative fuel source [6]. Butanol is a workable choice fuel or fuel additive for use in CI engines and gives various commendable properties compared to ethanol and methanol. Butanol has higher energy density than ethanol and methanol [8] and can be mixed with diesel fuel without phase separation [9]

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Results

Conclusion