Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comparative evaluation of the tensile strength behaviors of parts obtained by additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology. The study investigated the influences of the deposition printing parameters for both polymers and fiber-reinforced polymers. Polymeric materials that are widely used in FFF were selected, including acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA), and nylon. Carbon and glass continuous fibers were used to reinforce the nylon matrix in composite materials. The study utilized two manufacturing methods. Polymers were manufactured using an Ultimaker 2 Extended+ device and the fiber-reinforced polymer specimens were obtained using a Markforged Mark Two printer. The entire set of specimens was eventually subjected to destructive monoaxial tensile tests to measure their responses. The main goal of this study was to estimate the effect of the different infill patterns applied (zig-zag, concentric, and four different orientations lines) on the mechanical properties of pure thermoplastic materials and reinforced polymers. Results show a spectacular increase in the tensile stress at break, which for polymers reaches an average value of 27.53 MPa compared to 94.51 MPa in the case of composites (increase of 70.87%). A similar increase occurs in the case of tensile stress at yield with values of 31.87 MPa and 105.98 MPa, respectively, which represents an increase of 69.93%. The influence of the infill of the fiber is decisive, reaching, in the 0-0 arrangement, mean values of 220.18 MPa for tensile stress at break and 198.26 MPa for tensile stress at yield.
Highlights
IntroductionOne of the most wellknown additive manufacturing processes is material extrusion, where spooled polymers are extruded through a heated nozzle moving horizontally (x-y axes) while the bed moves vertically (z axis), allowing a part to be manufactured by laying down layer upon layer of the melted material [2]
The variety of different processes based on this principle makes additive manufacturing one of the leading sectors, and the number of technologies developed has dramatically increased in the last decade, with innovations such as the inclusion of metallic materials in large parts using different processes in Yilmaz et al [1], conducting process comparisons in [2,3], Rosen [4] develops design guides for additive manufacturing, and Popescu et al [5]
A comparative analysis of the results showed the readily foreseeable zig-zag pattern were 5.53% smaller than the concentric values
Summary
One of the most wellknown additive manufacturing processes is material extrusion, where spooled polymers are extruded through a heated nozzle moving horizontally (x-y axes) while the bed moves vertically (z axis), allowing a part to be manufactured by laying down layer upon layer of the melted material [2] These processes are studied by means of different approaches like the applications of neural network in the deposition paths [6], thermal stability [7], configuration parameters [8,9], increase of the pressure in the deposition of the material cost of the equipment and versatility of the parameter combinations [13,14,15,16,17,18], suggest that additive manufacturing technologies have development potential in a wide range of diverse fields, including the aerospace, manufacturing, medical prototyping [19,20] and biomedical in Sodupe-Ortega et al [21], and material characterization fields
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