Influence of Indian Summer Monsoon on Tropopause, Trace Gases and Aerosols in Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone Observed by COSMIC, MLS and CALIPSO

Ghouse Basha,Madineni Venkat Ratnam,Jonathan H Jiang,Saginela Ravindra Babu,Pangaluru Kishore

doi:10.3390/rs13173486

Abstract

The existence of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) during the summer in the northern hemisphere, upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region plays a significant role in confining the trace gases and aerosols for a long duration, thus affecting regional and global climate. Though several studies have been carried out, our understanding of the trace gases and aerosols variability in the ASMA is limited during different phases of the Indian monsoon. This work quantifies the role of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) activity on the tropopause, trace gases (Water Vapor (WV), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO)) and aerosols (Attenuated Scattering Ratio (ASR)) obtained from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite observations, respectively, during the period 2006–2016. Enhancement in the tropopause altitude, WV, CO, ASR and low tropopause temperatures, O3 in the ASMA region is clearly noticed during peak monsoon months (July and August) with large inter-annual variability. Further, a significant increase in the WV and CO, and decrease in O3 during the active phase of the ISM, strong monsoon years and strong La Niña years in the ASMA is noticed. An enhancement in the ASR values during the strong monsoon years and strong La Niña years is also observed. In addition, our results showed that the presence of deep convection spreading from India land regions to the Bay of Bengal with strong updrafts can transport the trace gases and aerosols to the upper troposphere during active spells, strong monsoon years and La Niña years when compared to their counterparts. Observations show that the ASMA is very sensitive to active spells, strong monsoon years and La Niña years compared to break spells, weak monsoon years and El Niño years. It is concluded that the dynamics play a significant role in constraining several trace gases and aerosols in the ASMA and suggested considering the activity of the summer monsoon while dealing with them at sub-seasonal scales.

Highlights

This article is an open access articleThe Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) is one of the dominant circulation patterns in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region in the NorthernHemisphere (NH) persisting during summer and has a significant influence on the global atmospheric circulation [1]
The climatological mean (July and August averaged from the year 2006–2016) spatial distribution of tropopause altitude/temperature from COSMIC, the Water Vapor (WV), O3 and Carbon monoxide (CO) from
It is well known that the ASMA is a large‐scale dominant feature in the NH during monsoon season in the UTLS region

Summary

Introduction

The Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) is one of the dominant circulation patterns in the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) region in the Northern. Several studies reported the variability (day-to-day and long-term), transport of pollutants and tracers from the boundary layer to tropopause, formation of aerosols in the ASMA [22]. Basha et al [2] reported the spatial variability of the ASMA during different phases of the Indian monsoon. The present study aims to demonstrate the variability of the tropopause altitude/temperature, Water Vapor (WV), Ozone (O3 ), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and aerosols (Attenuated Scattering Ratio (ASR)). Focus is placed on the influence of the Indian monsoon on the spatial variability of tropopause parameters and tracers, ASR (Section 3).

COSMIC GPSRO Observations

Climatological State of ASMA during Summer Monsoon

Influence of Asian Summer Monsoon Activity

Summary and Conclusions