Abstract
Immune response of day-old chicks infected with Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and preventive administration of Enterococcus faecium AL41 were studied using hematology and flow cytometry of immunocompetent cells in blood, cecum, bursa and spleen for 11 days, and included 220 animals divided into four groups (n = 55). E. faecium AL41 was administered for 7 days to EF and EFSE groups and on day 4 SE and EFSE groups were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Values of monocytes at 4 dpi significantly increased in EFSE and lymphocytes at 7 dpi in EF groups. Blood CD3, CD4, CD8 and IgM lymphocytes improved in EF and EFSE groups and IgA in EF group at 4 dpi. Phagocytic activity of probiotic groups was improved in both samples. Cecal IEL and LPL lymphocytes showed at 7 dpi stimulation of CD3, CD4 and CD8 subpopulations in probiotic groups, especially in EFSE group, IgA IEL and IgA with IgM LPL in EF groups. Bursa Fabricii at 7 dpi presented overstimulation of IgG subpopulation in SE group, spleen CD3 and CD8 in EF and EFSE groups. E. faecium AL41 revealed the protective effect and positive influence on the local and systemic immune response in Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 infected chickens.
Highlights
Salmonella infection, especially in developing countries, represents a health and economic burden on society at a global level
Overstimulation of lymphocytes in both probiotic groups was recorded at 4 dpi; at 7 dpi the highest values showed the SE and EF groups compared to the EFSE group (p < 0.05)
The present work focused on the mucosal and systemic immune response in chickens, which was monitored by measuring changes in immunocompetent cells induced after application of pathogenic strain Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (SE PT4) in conjunction with probiotic culture Ent-M
Summary
Salmonella infection, especially in developing countries, represents a health and economic burden on society at a global level. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics can be used to modify the gut environment to prevent Salmonella colonization, invasion, multiplication and shedding. This is important in young poultry, in which stable intestinal bacteria have not yet been established [4]. Probiotic microorganisms have the ability to balance proinflammatory cytokines while increasing the number of antiinflammatory mediators, including IL-10 and TGF-β [6]. The administration of these feed additives has a positive effect on the level of immunoglobulins M and A. The percentage of total antioxidant capacity in serum has increased [7]
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