Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanics and structural bone matrix in diabetic rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO).MethodsTwenty-four male rats were divided into the following groups: Control; Control + HBO; Diabetic, and Diabetic + HBO. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in the diabetic Groups. After 30 days, HBO was performed every 48h in HBO groups and all animals were euthanized 60 days after diabetic induction. The femur was submitted to a biomechanical (maximum strength, energy-to-failure and stiffness) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) analyses (crosslink ratio, crystallinity index, matrix-to-mineral ratio: Amide I + II/Hydroxyapatite (M:MI) and Amide III + Collagen/HA (M:MIII)).ResultsIn biomechanical analysis, diabetic animals showed lower values of maximum strength, energy and stiffness than non-diabetic animals. However, structural strength and stiffness were increased in groups with HBO compared with non-HBO. ATR-FTIR analysis showed decreased collagen maturity in the ratio of crosslink peaks in diabetic compared with the other groups. The bone from the diabetic groups showed decreased crystallinity compared with non-diabetic groups. M:MI showed no statistical difference between groups. However, M:MIII showed an increased matrix mineral ratio in diabetic+HBO and control+HBO compared with control and diabetic groups. Correlations between mechanical and ATR-FTIR analyses showed significant positive correlation between collagen maturity and stiffness.ConclusionsDiabetes decreased collagen maturation and the mineral deposition process, thus reducing biomechanical properties. Moreover, the study showed that HBO improved crosslink maturation and increased maximum strength and stiffness in the femur of T1DM animals.
Highlights
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that affects various human body systems [1]
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanics and structural bone matrix in diabetic rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO)
Attenuated Reflectance (ATR)-FTIR analysis showed decreased collagen maturity in the ratio of crosslink peaks in diabetic compared with the other groups
Summary
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that affects various human body systems [1]. Children and adolescents with T1DM are at risk for presenting a decrease in bone mass during the process of bone remodeling. This may minimize the attainment of peak bone mass and increase the fracture risk and/or osteoporosis in adulthood [2]. Some studies have suggested that T1DM negatively changed the collagen in bone matrix and reduced the necessary maximum bone fracture strength [3, 4]. The chronic hyperglycemia has deleterious effects on structural collagen protein and this may change the biomechanical behavior of bone tissue [6]. T1DM exhibits disproportionately high fracture risk with reduced bone mass, which leads to speculation about diabetic bone having reduced maximum strength [9] and stiffness [10]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanics and structural bone matrix in diabetic rats subjected to hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO)
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