Abstract
This study examines the effect of hydrogen ingress on the internal stress and strain of steels, using lab-source and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), and exploring both electrochemical and gaseous hydrogen ingress. The results show that compressive strains were generated after electrochemical hydrogen charging, and the residual stresses on the examined surface changed from being primarily tensile to compressive stresses. The compressive stress and strain were confirmed by a change in direction of the biaxial principal stress components, and a shift of the high-energy XRD peaks to higher 2θ values for the hydrogen-charged steels. The magnitude of the compressive stress and strain generated was dependent on the microstructure of the steel and increased with charging time or more hydrogen ingress into the steel. In-situ synchrotron XRD during gaseous charging at a pressure of 150 psi also showed a peak shift towards higher 2θ values, which slightly increased for the palladium-coated steel sample, when compared to the uncoated steel sample.
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