Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents are solvents similar to the ionic liquids (ILs) but less expensive and simple to prepare than ILs. The activity coefficients at infinite dilution of solutes in the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) plays an important role in designing of the separation processes. Gas liquid chromatography technique (GLC) was used to determine activity coefficients at infinite dilution for 34 polar and non-polar organic solutes: solutes include alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, thiophene, heterocyclics, cycloalkanes, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, cycloalkenes, aromatic hydrocarbon and water in two zinc chloride based DESs [zinc chloride + acetic acid] (1:4) and [zinc chloride + phosphoric acid] (1:2.5) at temperatures (313.15, 323.15, 333.15, 343.15, 353.15) K. Excess thermodynamic parameters [partial molar excess enthalpies ΔG1E,∞,entropies(TrefΔS1E,∞) and Gibbs free energies (ΔG1E,∞)] were derived from activity coefficient at infinite dilution data. The selectivity and capacity values for separation of benzene/ethanol, cyclohexane/ethanol, n-octane/acetonitrile, ethylbenzene/butan-1-ol, n-heptane/butan-1-ol at T = 323.15 K were calculated and compared to literature values for DESs, ionic liquids (ILs), and sulfolane to assess the suitability of the DESs for possible use as an entrainers. Both DESs [zinc chloride + acetic acid] (1:4) and [zinc chloride + phosphoric acid] (1:2.5) have high selectivity values as compared to studied ionic liquids as well as conventional solvents in the literature for difficult separation system of benzene/ethanol, cyclohexane/ethanol, ethylbenzene/butanol and heptane/butanol which indicate that these DESs are an extraction solvent and has separation ability for difficult separation system of benzene/ethanol, cyclohexane/ethanol, ethylbenzene/butan-1-ol and n-heptane/butan-1-ol.
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