Abstract
Membrane fouling within membrane bioreactor (MBR) applied to wastewater treatment was studied under adequate recirculation conditions, for which fouling was only caused by soluble and colloı̈dal fractions of the biological suspension. Four different activated sludges under steady-state biological conditions were tested under a wide range of hydrodynamic conditions ( U=2–5 m/s; Re=3000–20 000; J=40–250 l/h m 2). With constant filtration conditions, the increase in hydraulic resistance with time (d R/d t) was measured as the “fouling velocity”, and this varied according to hydrodynamic and biological conditions. Two different models were established to describe this influence, in the form of ln ∂R ∂t =p−q χ . The first model, with the hydrodynamic parameter χ= Re 0.8 τ 0/ ρJ 2, was based on an energy comparison between the shear forces, represented by τ 0, and the kinetic energy linked to the permeation flux described by ρJ 2. The second one, with χ=Re 1.3/J d h , was based on a description of the mass transfer around the membrane, using equations based on adimensional parameters.
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