Abstract
A numerical investigation was conducted of steady laminar natural convection within a heated square enclosure filled with a mixture of water, carbon nanotubes (CNT), and aluminum oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) (hybrid CNT-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/water nanofluid). Various heat source configurations and different volume fractions for the hybrid nanofluids were examined. The obtained results were analyzed through numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent software. Thermal and dynamic fields were acquired, along with the Nusselt number (Nu). The influence of parameters such as Rayleigh number (Ra), nanofluid type, and heat source configuration was taken into account. Correlations between the Nusselt number and the various control parameters of our configuration were also established. The acquired findings clearly indicate that the introduction of nanoparticles has notably amplified heat transfer within the cavity (&phi; &#61; 0.09). Furthermore, the heat source configuration has proven to be a pivotal element that effectively expedites the heat transfer process. Additionally, a direct correlation is observed between the increase in average Nusselt number and the augmentation in volume fraction. Notably, the most favorable outcomes are derived from the implementation of the (CNT-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)/water hybrid nanofluid.
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