Abstract
TheIs paper is based on studies of hand-reared yellowhammers (EmTheIs beriza citrinella), corn buntings (E. calandra), and reed buntings (E. schoeniclus) and on observations of these birds made in the field near Cambridge, England. Previous field observations (Hinde, 1952) suggest that passerines fight more frequently when hungry. The main part of this paper describes a series of experiments investigating the possible effects of hunger on aggressive responses. The hierarchical organization of caged flocks is also discussed. Andrew (1957a) describes the head-forward threat postures of buntings and the displays that the males use when at territorial boundaries (reproductive fighting displays).
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