Abstract
This study aims to investigate the influence of high antibiotics doses on the efficiency of an anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactor (ANX-AMBR) in treating solid waste leachate for one-year operation without sludge withdrawal. Two doses of a mixture of norfloxacin (NOR), trimethoprim (TRM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and tetracycline (TC), a total of 4 mg L−1 (1 mg L−1 each) and a total of 20 mg L−1 (5 mg L−1 each), had been fed into the ANX-AMBR operated at HRTs of 12 h and 24 h. A high efficiency of organic matter removal could be achieved >90% in all conditions. The highest elimination of NOR, 77%; TRM/SMX/TC, 50–57%, was found under a 12 h-HRT with the antibiotic dose of 4 mg L−1. However, high antibiotic doses gave adverse effects on nitrite reduction-oxidation including antibiotic removal efficiency in the ANX-AMBR. Additionally, the extracellular polymeric substances were produced remarkably in the system after the antibiotic dose of 20 mg L−1. Mass balance analysis suggests that biodegradation was a major role in antibiotics removal in this system. Batch studies showed that the first order kinetics rate constants (k) of antibiotics biodegradation were 0.509–1.573 d−1 of ANX and 0.128–0.516 d−1 of AMBR.
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