Abstract
BackgroundPrecocious puberty is frequently associated with obesity, which will lead to long-term effects, especially on growth and reproduction. However, the effect of precocious puberty on children's neurodevelopment is still unknown.ObjectivesHere we evaluated the effect of High fat diet (HFD)-induced precocious puberty on neurodevelopment and behaviors of animals.MethodsOvaries sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) using standard techniques. Behavioral tests included elevated plus maze (EPM), open field exploration, Y-Maze, marble burying test, and novelty- suppressed feeding. The expression of genes related to puberty and neural development was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.ResultsOur results showed HFD-induced precocious puberty increased the risk-taking behavior and decreased memory of mice. The content of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and Arginine vasopressin (AVP) in hypothalamus were higher in HFD group than control group. Although the recovery of normal diet will gradually restore the body fat and other physiological index of mice, the anxiety increases in adult mice, and the memory is also damaged.ConclusionsThese findings describe the sensitivity of mice brain to HFD-induced precocious puberty and the irrecoverability of neural damage caused by precocious puberty. Therefore, avoiding HFD in childhood is important to prevent precocious puberty and neurodevelopmental impairment in mice.Graphic abstract
Highlights
Precocious puberty is frequently associated with obesity, which will lead to long-term effects, especially on growth and reproduction
These findings describe the sensitivity of mice brain to High fat diet (HFD)-induced precocious puberty and the irrecoverability of neural damage caused by precocious puberty
There was no difference in the weight of ovaries between the two groups (Fig. 1i), but the weight of uterus was significantly higher in the HFD group (t = 3.095, p = 0.0114, Fig. 1j)
Summary
Precocious puberty is frequently associated with obesity, which will lead to long-term effects, especially on growth and reproduction. The effect of precocious puberty on children’s neurodevelopment is still unknown. Puberty is a period in which mammals develop second sex characteristics, accelerate linear growth and gain reproductive capacity [1]. With the improvement of living standards, the age of human puberty is gradually advanced, many children suffer from precocious puberty. Studies have shown that obesity and precocious puberty are inseparable [6], and the increase of fat accumulation will promote precocious puberty in children [7]. Recent evidence suggests that there is a link between an increase in childhood obesity and an earlier age of puberty, especially in girls [7, 8].
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