Abstract
The effect of tomato on diseases of economic import ance continues to be of broad interest. To evaluate these relationships, the effect of crude extracts o f Cherokee purple tomato on pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines were evaluated. Neutrophils from three Ho lstein Fresian cows were treated with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) or E. coli O111-B4 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Treated cells were exposed to different concentrations of polyphenol extracts of fresh and heated Cherokee purple. Transcription of Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) was detected using real time PCR. Secretion of cytokines was evaluated using spe cific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)’s for three pro-inflammatory genes. Transcr iption of Cox-2 and TNF-α in bovine neutrophils were found. No significant treatment effect of toma to polyphenols was found in the LPS treated neutrophils. TNF-α and Cox-2 expression in bovine neutrophils were mo dulated by polyphenol treatment. Variable concentration of polyphenol ext racts had no effect on Cox-2 transcription. Gene expression analysis of TNF-α and Cox-2 mRNA showed significantly decreased transcription of Cox-2 in neutrophils exposed to polyphenol extracts (p<0. 0326). Polyphenol exposure did not have an influence on induction of Cox-2 by LPS. Treatment with polyphenols decreased transcription of TNF-α at the level of 200 ng mL -1 (p<0.05). Fresh or heated polyphenol did not influ ence transcription of TNF-α. Significant variation was observed among cows in transcription of TNF-α (p<0.05). No significant treatment effect was observed for trans lation in Cox-2, TNF-α and GCSF exposed to fresh or heated polyphenol extracts. Relative secretion o f the antiviral pro-inflammatory cytokine IFNr was increased compared to the control in samples expose d to heated tomato polyphenol extracts (p<0.05). Results showed that tomato polyphenols modulate expression of pro-inflammatory genes in bovine neutrophils and may provide avenues to boost innate immunity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to discuss the role Cherokee purple polypheno l extracts plays in innate immunity.
Highlights
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are the second most important vegetable crop (Lucier et al, 2008)
Gene expression analysis of TNF-α and Cox-2 mRNA showed significantly decreased transcription of Cox-2 in neutrophils exposed to polyphenol extracts (p
Results showed that tomato polyphenols modulate expression of proinflammatory genes in bovine neutrophils and may provide avenues to boost innate immunity
Summary
Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are the second most important vegetable crop (Lucier et al, 2008). Tomato by-products, cull tomatoes, tomato leaves and tomato seed cake are used as animal feed (Heuze et al, 2011; Hoover and Denison, 1957). Tomatoes have been discussed to have nutritive value (Ventura et al, 2009). In humans, it reduces chronic diseases through antioxidant, antithrombotic and antiinflammatory actions Medicinal properties of tomato include its use as antibiotics, anticancer, anticholesterol, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptives and antipyretic was reported (Milner et al, 2011). Studies on the effect of tomato on animal health remain limited
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