Abstract
As an essential element, Nitrogen is needed in large quantities for being an important component of cellular constituents and for plant metabolism, and its deficiency is one of the most common limitations for plant development. The study of the toxic effects of metal in plants involves a complex system of reactions that can be better determined once having a large attention of the different backgrounds of occurence to determinate how to proceed. The objective of this review is to add scientific knowledge, addressing the main functionalities and characteristics of this relation heavy metals – nitrogen metabolism in plant. Increasing industrialization and urbanization had anthropogenic contribution of heavy metals in biosphere and had largest availability in ecosystems. This toxicity in plants varies with plant species, specific metal, concentration, soil composition, as many heavy metals are considered to be essential for plant growth. Were provided data and reviews regarding the effect of heavy metals on nitrogen metabolism of plants and the responses of plants and the cross-talk of heavy metals and various stressors factors. Is clear to understand the relation between metals amount and the benefit or harm caused on plants, determining then, which mechanism should be activated to protect your physiological system.
Highlights
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient required by all living organisms and often limits primary production in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This element is needed in large quantities, as it is an essential component of proteins, nucleic acids and other cellular constituents
It is known that different sources of N can affect plant metabolism differently
To a relatively smaller portion in atmosphere as vapors or particulates. This toxicity in plants varies with plant species, specific metal, concentration, chemical form, pH and soil composition, as many heavy metals are considered to be essential for plant growth
Summary
Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient required by all living organisms and often limits primary production in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This element is needed in large quantities, as it is an essential component of proteins, nucleic acids and other cellular constituents. Proteins alone comprise 60% or more of the N of plants and microbial cells [1] It is an essential element for plant metabolism and its deficiency is one of the most common limitations for plant development [2]. The most common and available forms in the soil are the nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) forms, the first being more abundant and better assimilated by plants [4], as a result of the nitrification process by bacteria. The objective of this review is to add scientific knowledge, addressing the main functionalities and characteristics of this relation heavy metals – nitrogen metabolism in plant
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