Abstract
Most red lentil produced worldwide is consumed in dehulled form, and post-harvest milling and splitting qualities are major concerns in the secondary processing industry. Lentil producers in northern temperate regions usually apply pre-harvest desiccants as harvest aids to accelerate the lentil crop drying process and facilitate harvesting operations. This paper reports on field studies conducted at Scott and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to evaluate whether herbicides applied as harvest aids alone or tank mixed with glyphosate affect seed germination, seedling vigor, milling, and splitting qualities. The site-year by desiccant treatment interaction for seed germination, vigor, and milling recovery yields was significant. Glyphosate applied alone or as tank mix with other herbicides (except diquat) reduced seed germination and seedling vigor at Saskatoon and Scott in 2012 only. Pyraflufen-ethyl (20 g ai ha−1) applied with glyphosate as well as saflufenacil (36 g ai ha−1) decreased dehulling efficiency, while saflufenacil and/or glufosinate with glyphosate reduced milling recovery and football recovery, although these effects were inconsistent. Application of diquat alone or in combination with glyphosate exhibited more consistent dehulling efficiency gains and increases in milling recovery yield. Significant but negative associations were observed between glyphosate residue in seeds and seed germination (r = −0.84, p < 0.001), seed vigor (r = −0.62, p < 0.001), dehulling efficiency (r = −0.55, p < 0.001), and milling recovery (r = −0.62, p < 0.001). These results indicate application of diquat alone or in combination with glyphosate may be a preferred option for lentil growers to improve milling recovery yield.
Highlights
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a valuable grain legume crop that is a good source of dietary protein, fiber, complex carbohydrates, and minerals (Jood et al, 1998; Xu and Chang, 2009; DellaValle et al, 2013)
Irrespective of year or location, glyphosate applied alone or as a tank mix with other herbicides had no significant effect on seed diameter, thickness, or seed plumpness (Table 3)
Neither addition of contact herbicide with glyphosate nor glyphosate applied alone affected seed thickness or plumpness (Table 4). These results suggest that none of the contact herbicides considered, applied alone or in tank mixes with glyphosate, had any adverse effect on seed physical qualities
Summary
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a valuable grain legume crop that is a good source of dietary protein, fiber, complex carbohydrates, and minerals (Jood et al, 1998; Xu and Chang, 2009; DellaValle et al, 2013). The main destinations for red lentil are India, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and the European Union (Statistics Canada, 2016). Lentil Harvest Aid Milling Traits anti-nutritional factors, such as polyphenols and tannins, which are mostly retained in the seed coat fraction (Singh and Singh, 1992; Wang, 2008; DellaValle et al, 2013). Efficient loosening of the seed coat during dehulling process of red lentil is vital for the milling industry. The market value of red lentil largely depends on milling quality, which in turn depends on genetics and on agronomic practices, such as the application of preharvest desiccants and growing environment (Ramakrishnaiah and Kurien, 1983; Wang, 2008)
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