Abstract
The results of the study of filtration of hard-to-filter concentrates of minerals, such as nickel and copper concentrates, tailings of concentration plants, are presented. Filtration tests of a slurry containing fibrous ceramics for production of filters for filtering hot gases have also been carried out. The dependence of filterability of the material on its granulometric composition was determined. Filtration on a vacuum ceramic disc filter is more effective on suspensions containing up to 10% of fines (–3 (5) +0 μm). The suspension, containing from 10 to 25% of fines, characterizes the conditional boundary of application of vacuum filtration and press filtration technology. With a further increase in the content of the fine fraction, the cake obtained on the ceramic vacuum filter becomes plastic and its moisture content is higher than that obtained on the press filter. In the course of research work aimed at determining the optimal type of filtering baffle for dehydration of sulfide copper concentrate, the dependence of cake moisture on the specific air permeability of the fabric was determined. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory setup simulating the operation of a press filter, which was delivered by a suspension of copper sulfide concentrate from two processing plants. After processing the data, the dependence was obtained, according to which it is possible to select the type of filtration fabric based on the requirements for cake moisture. Also, the dependence of the moisture content of the resulting cake of some concentrates and products on the density of the fabric used was noted. For example, filtration of tailings from enrichment of tin ores with a high clay content can only be carried out with the high density fabric. The cake is dry (in terms of organoleptic properties) and crumbly, even when the moisture content in the sediment is more than 50%. This is due to the fact that moisture associated with clay minerals cannot be removed by filtration in principle. Further dehydration is only possible during the drying process.
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