Abstract
Eighteen ejaculates were collected from three mature Arabian stallions (about 5 years of age) during breeding season (summer). Semen was collected, evaluated and extended with Tris-yolk-glucose, Milk-glucose and Non-fat Dried milk solids glucose extenders. The final extension rate was 1ml semen: 4ml extender. The extended semen was divided into 4 cervical tubes added with Glutathion (GSH) 0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mM/100ml ,. The extended semen was kept at 5 oC for up to 48 hours. The percentages of sperm motility, dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa, and acrosome damage of spermatozoa were recorded. The results showed that, the percentage of motile stallion spermatozoa extended with tris-yolk-glucose or Non-fat Dried milk solids glucose extenders significantly (P<0.05) higher than Milk-glucose extender, while the percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosome damage of spermatozoa (%) significantly (P<0.05) lower than Milk-glucose extender. Supplementation of GSH at level of 0.4 mM to the extender increased significantly (P<0.05) the percentage of motile stallion spermatozoa, while decreased the percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosome damage of spermatozoa (%) as compared with the control samples in the different extenders, during storage at 5oC. The prolongation of storage time at 5oC decreased significantly (P<0.05) the percentages of sperm motility and increased significantly (P<0.05) the percentages of dead spermatozoa, abnormal spermatozoa and acrosome damage of spermatozoa (%) in the different extenders or GSH concentrations and free-GSH medium (control). In conclusion, it can be recommended to use of Tris-yolk-glucose extender or Non-fat Dried milk solids-glucose extender added with 0.4 mM glutathione /100 ml for enhancement of the Arabian stallion spermatozoa, during storage at 5 oC.
Highlights
The horses were an important part of human life in prehistoric times
Percentage of motile stallion spermatozoa: Data presented in Table 2 revealed that, the percentage of motile stallion spermatozoa in trisyolk-glucose extender and Non-fat Dried milk solidsglucose extender were significantly (P0.05) higher than Milk-glucose extender
Ball and Vo (2001) found that the addition of glutathione to semen extender prevented the loss of sperm motility by inhibition of lipid peroxidation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Summary
Horse domestication was a great breakthrough, bringing horsepower communications, transportation, farming and warfare. It has been estimated that only 24 % of stallions produce ejaculates that are suitable for cryopreservation and fertility for frozen semen is approximately 40 % compared to that of fresh. Alternative procedures have been used with success to freeze semen immediately post-collection, but this requires the stallion and equipment be at the same place. The collection and shipment of cooled semen to a specialized facility makes the cryopreservation process easier, without transporting the stallion to reproduction centers Crockett et al (2001). Manipulation of equine semen during these processes reduces sperm viability and fertility due to several factors including membrane lipid peroxidation, because of its high polyunsaturated fatty acids content, making spermatozoa highly susceptible to free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS; Cocchia et al, 2011)
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