Influence of Genotype on High Glucosinolate Synthesis Lines of Brassica rapa.

Prabhakaran Soundararajan,Jung Sun Kim,Kang-Mo Ku,Mi-Sun Moon,So Youn Won,Hyun Woo Park,Sin-Gi Park

doi:10.3390/ijms22147301

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate doubled haploid (DH) lines produced between high GSL (HGSL) Brassica rapa ssp. trilocularis (yellow sarson) and low GSL (LGSL) B. rapa ssp. chinensis (pak choi) parents. In total, 161 DH lines were generated. GSL content of HGSL DH lines ranged from 44.12 to 57.04 μmol·g−1·dry weight (dw), which is within the level of high GSL B. rapa ssp. trilocularis (47.46 to 59.56 μmol g−1 dw). We resequenced five of the HGSL DH lines and three of the LGSL DH lines. Recombination blocks were formed between the parental and DH lines with 108,328 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in all chromosomes. In the measured GSL, gluconapin occurred as the major substrate in HGSL DH lines. Among the HGSL DH lines, BrYSP_DH005 had glucoraphanin levels approximately 12-fold higher than those of the HGSL mother plant. The hydrolysis capacity of GSL was analyzed in HGSL DH lines with a Korean pak choi cultivar as a control. Bioactive compounds, such as 3-butenyl isothiocyanate, 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate, 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate, and sulforaphane, were present in the HGSL DH lines at 3-fold to 6.3-fold higher levels compared to the commercial cultivar. The selected HGSL DH lines, resequencing data, and SNP identification were utilized for genome-assisted selection to develop elite GSL-enriched cultivars and the industrial production of potential anti-cancerous metabolites such as gluconapin and glucoraphanin.

Highlights

There is experimental evidence supporting the idea that compounds in Cruciferous plants are effective against cancer and heart ailments [1,2,3]
The selected high GSL (HGSL) doubled haploid (DH) lines, resequencing data, and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identification were utilized for genome-assisted selection to develop elite GSL-enriched cultivars and the industrial production of potential anti-cancerous metabolites such as gluconapin and glucoraphanin
The results of this study indicate that integration of critical recombinant blocks from parents LP08 and LP21 triggered to turn on the genes involved in biosynthesis, transportation and regulation in the GSL metabolic pathway (Figures 2–4)

Summary

Introduction

There is experimental evidence supporting the idea that compounds in Cruciferous plants are effective against cancer and heart ailments [1,2,3]. Strong anti-carcinogenic effects of members of the family Brassicaceae are attributed to their glucosinolate (GSL). Content [4,5]. Some GSLs such as glucoraphanin (GRA), glucoalyssin (GAL), gluconapin (GNA), neoglucobrassicin (NGBS), and gluconasturtiin (GNT) are considerably beneficial whereas hydrolysis products from progoitrin (PRO), epiprogoitrin (epiPRO), and gluconapoleiferin (GNL) can cause goiter in animals [6]. GSLs are not actual bioactive agents, but rather their hydrolysis products such as isothiocyanates (ITCs), nitriles, epithionitriles, thiocyanates, and indoles [7]. Some of the important bioactive compounds are butenyl sulforaphane (SFN), isothiocyanate (BITC) and pentenyl isothiocyanate (PEITC).

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Conclusion