Abstract
The article examines the influence of genotypic and phenotypic factors on the milk productivity of cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed in the conditions of LLC "Agrofirma "Sonyashnyk" of the Globyn district of the Poltava region. Based on the results of our own research, it was established that first-born cows of the studied lines differ in terms of milk productivity, which indicates the hereditary influence of genealogical formations. The highest indicators of milk productivity have animals of three lines - Marshal, Cadillac Rf and Cavalera Rf: Nadia - 7501.0-8775.9 kg, milk fat - 279.5-332.4 kg, milk protein - 234.9-271.4 kg Animals of the Eleveishna and Butmeike lines have the lowest indicators of milk productivity - 5065.2-5112.4 kg, 187.4-199.4 kg, 162.1-163.6 kg, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01 , P<0.001). The highest milk yield and milk fat are characterized by the daughters of the bulls Savva, Sapphire Et Red, V. Vilmos, Matrix Et Red and K. D. Lily Red Et - 8408.4-9007.0 kg and 319.5-347.3 kg, which on 772.5-3951.9 kg and 133.2-155.2 kg more than peers, respectively (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The highest fat content is 4.0% in the daughters of Paradox Red Etn and Shchyglyk Et (P<0.05). Our research proves that the live weight of firstborns at the first calving likely affects their milk productivity. With an increase in live weight up to 700 kg - their hope increases by 1545.3 kg, milk fat - 62.7 kg, protein - 53.5 kg (P<0.05). According to the results of our research, it was established that the year of birth of first-born cows affects their hope. Thus, first-born animals born in 2018 probably exceeded animals born in 2012 in terms of milk yield by 2735.2 kg, milk fat - 90.2 kg, and protein - 87.7 kg (P<0.05, P<0.01, P <0.001). It was established that indicators of milk productivity of first-born cows depend on genotypic factors by 10.1-24.5%. Paternal origin has the greatest influence, its influence on hope is 23.5 %, the content of fat and protein in milk is 15.2-24.5 % (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001) . The second place is occupied by linear belonging, its influence on the above indicators is 20.7, 10.1-12.3 % (P<0.05, P<0.01). The obtained data on the influence of phenotypic factors, including the year of birth, testify to the influence of the year factor on the milk productivity of first-borns. Quantitative signs depend on the conditions created for raising young animals or keeping first-born cows in a specific year of their birth. The strength of influence on hope, milk fat and protein content was 5.2, 15.1 and 5.7 % with high probability criteria (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The obtained results make it possible to develop comprehensive measures to increase the level of milk productivity of cows of the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed.
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