Abstract
The local regeneration of bone defects is regulated by general hormone, enzyme, ion, and vitamin levels. General diseases and dysregulation of the human mineral system can impact this process, even in alveolar crest. The aim of this study is to investigate a relation between bone density, measured in two-dimensional X-rays, and general mineral condition of patients. The study included 42 patients on whom tooth extractions were performed. Data were divided into two groups: the region where collagen scaffold (BRM) was used and the reference region of intact normal bone (REF). Two-dimensional intraoral radiographs were taken in all cases just after the surgery (00 M) and 12 months later (12 M). Thyrotropin (TSH), parathormone (PTH), Ca2+ in serum, HbA1c, vitamin 25(OH)D3, and spine densitometry were checked. Digital texture analysis in MaZda 4.6 software was done. Texture Index (TI: BRM 1.66 ± 0.34 in 00 M, 1.51 ± 0.41 in 12 M, and REF 1.72 ± 0.28) and Bone Index (BI: BRM 0.73 ± 0.17 in 00 M, 0.65 ± 0.22 41 in 12 M, and REF 0.80 ± 0.14) were calculated to evaluate bone regeneration process after 12 months of healing (TI (p < 0.05) and BI (p < 0.01) are lower in BRM 12 M than in REF). This showed a relation between BI and TSH (R2 = 26%, p < 0.05), as well as a between BI and patient age (R2 = 65%, p < 0.001), and a weak relation between TI and TSH level (R2 = 10%, p < 0.05). This study proved that a collagen scaffold can be successfully used in alveolar crest regeneration, especially in patients with a high normal level of TSH in the middle-aged population.
Highlights
Systemic conditions affect bone structure [1]
This study proved that a collagen scaffold can be successfully used in alveolar crest regeneration, especially in patients with a high normal level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the middle-aged population
After 12 months, a significantly lower value was found for both indices compared to the reference bone: for Texture Index (TI), t = −2.189 and p < 0.033; for Bone Index (BI), t = −3.041 and p = 0.004 (Table 1)
Summary
Systemic conditions affect bone structure [1]. It has been shown that more than 50% of people affected by chronic diseases arbitrarily discontinue therapy within one year [2], intensifying the impact of this known relationship. Takaishi et al [3] suggested that the possible association between alveolar bone mineral density (measured in intraoral radiographs) and poor general mineral condition was a predictor of vertebral fracture risk. In order to extract this information from an intraoral radiograph, a second-order feature is needed. Such features are named texture features and are proposed as objective measures for radiological bone structure monitoring [6]. Based on the analysis of radiological textures, there is a chance of finding compounds of the general mineral condition within the structure of the alveolar bone [7]
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