Abstract
The practice of sport by adolescents is influenced by multiple factors, which could create differences in sports participation according to gender. The objectives of this study were to determine which types of sports were most practiced by adolescent males and females; and to analyze the relationship of gender stereotypes, the type of sport observed and the personal environment, to the type of sport practiced, depending on the adolescent’s gender. To this end, a total of 632 adolescents completed the questionnaire “Lifestyle in Sport with a Gender Perspective”. The results showed significant differences according to gender in the type of sport practiced (p < 0.05), in the membership to sports clubs (p < 0.001), and in the participation in competitions (p < 0.001). It was found that family (p < 0.005) and friends (p < 0.05) were the social agents that most influenced the choice of the type of sport practiced, and that the type of sport watched live (p < 0.005), and in the media (p < 0.001), was related to gender and the type of sport practiced. In contrast, the gender stereotypes of the adolescents themselves were not related to the practice of sports. In conclusion, the environment closest to the adolescents was related to the type of sport practiced by those adolescents.
Highlights
Physical activity decreases during adolescence, with older adolescents showing lower levels of physical activity than younger adolescents [1,2]
According to the results obtained, basketball, football, indoor football, and bodybuilding were more practiced by males; musical support activities, rhythmic-expressive activities, rhythmic gymnastics, trekking, volleyball, artistic gymnastics, and swimming were more practiced by females; and the remaining activities had a similar participation between men and women
The present research shows that sports with a similar participation between males and females have continued to gain relevance over the years and make up the vast majority of the sports modalities included in the research
Summary
Physical activity decreases during adolescence, with older adolescents showing lower levels of physical activity than younger adolescents [1,2]. The presence of gender stereotypes in sport could be due to the fact that society continually reinforces these beliefs [14,15], leading to the emergence of concepts such as male and female sport, which influence sport practice causing a decrease in practice opportunities for males and females, due to the fact that they adjust their sport participation, even if unconsciously [9]. Women have seen their sports participation limited to sports
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