Abstract
Properties of chemically synthesized Zn1−xGdxO (x = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05) nanorods were explored through microstructural, morphological, toxicity and magnetic characterizations. Hexagonal wurtzite structure of all the samples without any impurity phases was confirmed by X-ray diffraction characterization. The micrographs of transmission electron microscope and field emission scanning electron microscope revealed the rod shape morphology of the samples. A systematic evolution of room temperature ferromagnetism of ZnO nanorods with increasing Gd doping content was observed. Gd doped ZnO nanorods showed narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity against the most opportunistic Gram-positive pathogen bacterium, S. aureus as compared to commercial ZnO. From cytotoxicity assessment with Caenorhabditis elegans and Danio rerio, the samples were non-toxic or showed little toxicity at the highest concentration tested (100 µg/mL) except for 1% Gd doped ZnO. Our study demonstrates the possible usefulness of the materials in spintronic, magnetic media device as well as bio-medical applications.
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