Abstract
Supersonic gas jets in “confined” nozzles were studied by Schlieren photography in blank atomizing tests (i.e., no liquid present). Tests in nitrogen at 1.56 MPa pressure showed that changes in the geometry of a nozzle altered the wave pattern and the height of the supersonic region in the jet. In particular, the protrusion height of the metal delivery tube (above the gas exit) had a profound influence. An expansion wave formed at the tip of the nozzle when the protrusion height was too high, and the jet became subsonic in a short distance. Longer supersonic wave patterns were observed at lower protrusion heights following the appearance of a shock wave at the tip of the nozzle. These results correlated well with the atomizing performance of the same nozzles determined previously. The nozzles which had long supersonic flow regions corresponded to those which produced fine powders, and short supersonic regions were associated with reduced efficiency in performance. This indicated that the preservation of high velocities in the gas was of primary importance for effective liquid breakup in atomization. A procedure (based on the characteristics solution of supersonic flow) was developed for assessing flow conditions in atomizing nozzles and for calculating the optimum height of the delivery tube for a given geometry to obtain the longest supersonic jet.
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