Abstract
The Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) flux can contribute to the formation of condensation nuclei (CN), radionuclides, and other particles, which in turn influence the formation of rain and extreme weather events. The aim of this analysis was to investigate the possible influence of GCR flux on the extreme rainfall events that occurred in Greece and Libya in September 2023. We used time series data for GCR, rainfall estimates from ERA5, and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) for the period between September 1, 2023, and September 11, 2023. The results revealed a negative correlation between GCR and SST of −0.807 (Greece) and −0.828 (Libya), and a positive correlation between precipitation and SST of +0.972 (Greece) and +0.998 (Libya). The GCR flux and SST accounted for approximately 60.52% and 34.53% of the extreme event in Greece, and 33.71% and 65.96% in Libya, respectively. These statistical results indicate that GCR flux contributed to the formation of the extreme precipitation event that caused significant destruction in Greece and Libya in September 2023.
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