Influence of Fullerene Nanoparticles on AC and LI Breakdown Voltages of Natural Ester

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the AC and lightning impulse (LI) breakdown voltage performance of natural ester-based nanofluids enriched with fullerene <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathbf{C}_{60})$</tex> nanoparticles, which stand out with their long-term stability and superior dielectric properties. The AC and LI breakdown voltages of these natural ester-based nanofluids with five different concentrations of fullerene <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathbf{C}_{60})$</tex> are measured 30 times and the compatibility of these measurements with the statistical distribution is checked with the Anderson-Darling test. The AC breakdown voltage performances of 0.3 g/L and 0.4 g/L <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{C}_{60}$</tex> nanofluids are 5.1 % and 7.8% better, respectively, than natural ester. The LI breakdown voltage performance of 0.1 g/L <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{C}_{60}$</tex> nanofluid is 8.2% better than natural ester. After accepting the conformity of these measurements with the statistical distribution, AC and LI withstand voltages are calculated at 1%, 10% and 50% breakdown voltage probabilities. The withstand voltages of both AC and LI nanofluids are better than natural ester in almost all samples at 1 % breakdown voltage probability. The results show that natural ester-based <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{C}_{60}$</tex> nanofluids can meet the electrical strength requirements of power system equipment with better AC and LI breakdown voltage performance.