Influence of fruit load and environmental factors on nitrate reductase activity and on concentration of nitrate and carbohydrates in leaves of eggplant (Solanum melongena)

Abstract

Both the in vivo (+ nitrate) nitrate reductase (NR) activity (leaf disks incubated in the presence of KNO3) and the in vivo (− nitrate) NR activity (leaf disks incubated without KNO3) in leaves of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Bonica) were affected by rapidly growing fruits. Plants with a fruit load showed more pronounced diurnal variation in (+ nitrate) NR activity and higher (− nitrate) NR activity than plants without fruit. The higher (− nitrate) NR activity was accompanied by higher nitrate and lower sucrose and starch contents of leaves. The more pronounced diurnal changes in (+ nitrate) NR activity were paralleled by more pronounced diurnal variation in carbohydrate content of leaves. Fruit removal led to a decrease in both (− nitrate) NR activity and nitrate concentration in leaves, while the carbohydrate content increased. Plants supplied with ammonium instead of nitrate showed only slightly lower (+ nitrate) but no (− nitrate) NR activity. As for plants treated with nitrate, diurnal changes in (+ nitrate) NR activity were most pronounced in leaves of plants with fruit and this again was paralleled by a more pronounced diurnal variation in the carbohydrate concentration in the leaves.Increasing the oxygen level of the atmosphere to 50% led to a dramatic decrease in the (+ nitrate) NR activity and to an increase in both (− nitrate) NR activity and nitrate concentration, which was accompanied by decreasing carbohydrate contents of the leaves. Low light intensities and extended dark periods caused similar changes in NR activity and nitrate and carbohydrate concentrations in leaves. Increasing the nitrate concentration in the nutrient solution led to a rise in (+ nitrate) and (− nitrate) NR activity, but only the (− nitrate) NR activity paralleled the nitrate concentration in the leaves. This increase in the nitrate concentration was accompanied by a decrease in the carbohydrate content of the leaves.It is concluded that the level of and the diurnal changes in both (+ nitrate) and (− nitrate) NR activity and the concentration of nitrate in the leaves are dependent upon their carbohydrate status.