Influence of Freeze-Drying and Irradiation on Mechanical Properties of Human Cancellous Bone: Application to Impaction Bone Grafting

Abstract

This chapter will cover the influences of various parameters (bone processing, freeze-drying, irradiation, processing sequence and temperature during irradiation) on the mechanical properties of cancellous bone. Mechanical damage due to irradiation will be related to damage of the collagen protein. Benefits of defatting, freeze-drying and irradiation in terms of osteoconductivity and tissue safety will be further discussed. Application of processed freeze-dried irradiated bone to impaction bone grafting technique will be considered. The embrittlement theory and the influence of particle sizes will be presented to explain how processed bone is suitable to meet the mechanical demand of hip revision surgery. Results will be discussed and compared in more realistic surgical situations by observing implant stability after frozen or freeze-dried irradiated bone impaction. Finally, bone graft remodelling will be discussed.