Abstract
Frailty syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are closely related because of the shared physiological pathway of chronic, low-intensity inflammation. Frailty syndrome may be an adverse factor in the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). To assess the influence of frailty syndrome on patient prognosis after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The study was conducted at the Clinic of Cardiac Surgery in Katowice and involved 180 patients (56 women, 31.11%) over 60 years of age who qualified for CABG surgery. The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) was used to assess frailty syndrome and the The World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess quality of life. Statistical analysis was performed using R software. Frailty syndrome was diagnosed in 42 patients (23.3%), including 24 men and 18 women. More than 1/3 of patients had complications during or after surgery, including 34.6% of patients without frailty syndrome and 28.6% of patients with frailty features. All of the complications occurred in 57 (31.6%) patients. Early complications accounted for 89.5% of all events - 93.3% of which occurred in patients without frailty syndrome and 75% in patients with frailty features (p = 0.289). More than 1/3 of patients experienced complications during or after the CABG procedure. Early postoperative complications accounted for almost all of the adverse events in patients with frailty. However, frailty syndrome was a poor predictor of rehospitalization.
Highlights
Frailty syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are closely related because of the shared physiological pathway of chronic, low-intensity inflammation
Complications accounted for 89.5% of all events – 93.3% of which occurred in patients without frailty syndrome and 75% in patients with frailty features (p = 0.289)
Frailty syndrome was a poor predictor of rehospitalization
Summary
Frailty syndrome and cardiovascular diseases are closely related because of the shared physiological pathway of chronic, low-intensity inflammation. Frailty syndrome may be an adverse factor in the prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The most common group of diseases in elderly patients is cardiovascular system diseases (CVDs). The classical CABG method uses extracorporeal circulation to provide optimal operating conditions; this method may cause complications such as ischemic stroke, myocardial ischemia, deterioration of kidney function, and respiratory failure. Extracorporeal circulation significantly burdens maintenance of the blood–brain barrier, which can lead to early neurological complications.[2]. Frailty syndrome is characterized by a decrease in immune reserves, resulting from the reduced capacity of various systems and organs, leading to the collapse of homeostasis, disturbances in organ function, and increased morbidity and mortality in older people. Factors known to contribute to the occurrence of frailty syndrome include old age, visual impairment, impairment of cognitive functions, impaired gait and balance, weakness of the limbs, and the occurrence of comorbidities.[3]
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