Abstract
Among the factors that may influence fruit and vegetable intake, there is a food neophobia level, but the other elements, including physical activity and place of residence, must also be taken into account as interfering ones. The aim of the study was to analyze the association between food neophobia level and the intake of fruits and vegetables in a nationwide case-control study of Polish adolescents (12–13 years), including the influence of gender, the physical activity program participation and the place of residence. The #goathletics Study was conducted among a group of 1014 adolescents, 507 individuals representative for a nationwide physical activity program “Athletics for All” participants (characterized by an active lifestyle) and 507 pair-matched individuals (characterized by sedentary behavior), while 502 were representative for urban and 512 for suburban area. The assessment of food neophobia level was based on the Food Neophobia Scale questionnaire and the assessment of fruit and vegetable intake was based on the validated food frequency questionnaire. It was observed that higher food neophobia level is associated with a lower fruit and vegetable intake, that was stated both for girls and boys, as well as both for individuals characterized by an active lifestyle and those characterized by sedentary behavior, both from urban and suburban area. Food neophobic individuals characterized by an active lifestyle and those from urban areas were characterized by a higher fruit intake than individuals characterized by sedentary behavior and those from suburban areas, from the same food neophobia category. It was found that food neophobia may reduce fruit and vegetable intake, but the physical activity education with peers may reduce the observed influence and should be applied especially in the case of neophobic individuals from suburban areas.
Highlights
The important health-related behavior that may improve general metabolic health is fruit and vegetable intake
No differences were observed in vegetable intake between the groups of boys characterized by an active lifestyle and those characterized by sedentary behavior, as well as between the groups of boys from urban and those from suburban area
No differences were observed in vegetable intake between the groups of girls characterized by an active lifestyle and those characterized by sedentary behavior, as well as between the groups of girls from urban and those from suburban area
Summary
The important health-related behavior that may improve general metabolic health is fruit and vegetable intake. The relationship between reduced rates of coronary heart disease and fruit and vegetable intake has been observed to be close in Western countries [6]. The influence of fruit and vegetable intake is observed in the risk of developing diseases, and in mortality rates, as a dose-response association with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality and cancer mortality. This is referred to in the meta-analysis of Wang et al [7]. Fruit and vegetable intake is especially important in the case of children and adolescents in many cases as it is associated with positive dietary patterns, which should be developed as soon as possible [8]
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