Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To review the dietary intake of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes Mellitus and its association with the glycemic profile. Methods Longitudinal observational study. Dietary intake was measured using a three-day dietary record and the glycemic profile with a continuous glucose monitoring (range between 70 and 180mg/dL) and serum glycated hemoglobin levels (ideal <7.5%). Anthropometric data, insulin therapy, and carbohydrate counting were collected. Results The sample included 34 individuals with type 1 diabetes Mellitus aged 13.6±2.1 years. The majority of the population was eutrophic (76.4%). The entire sample used the basal-bolus insulin regimen, with mean insulin dose of 1.0±0.2U/kg/day; for 44.1% of the sample the carbohydrate counting method was used. Macronutrients intake was adequate in only 8.8% of the individuals, the highest frequency of inadequacy was related to carbohydrates (p=0.07). Inadequate glycemic control with hyperglycemia episodes and high mean glycated hemoglobin (9.7%) was observed in all individuals (61.3±18.5%). Carbohydrate counting was responsible for maintaining the percentage of time that the patient had interstitial blood glucose values within the range >40% (p<0.001) and maintaining the percentage of time in hyperglycemia <50% (p<0.001). Conclusion The majority of individuals were eutrophic, but presented inadequate dietary intake and glycemic control. The method of counting carbohydrates positively influenced the glycemic profile.
Highlights
According to the International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is estimated to be between 0.3 to 0.4% of the world population and that by 2050 these numbers may triple
Carbohydrate counting was responsible for maintaining the percentage of time that the patient had interstitial blood glucose values within the range >40% (p
The nutritional status was analyzed using the Z-score of the Body Mass Index (BMI) according to the classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) [9]
Summary
According to the International Diabetes Federation, the prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is estimated to be between 0.3 to 0.4% of the world population and that by 2050 these numbers may triple. Adequate treatment and follow-up are essential [1,2]. Insulin therapy and physical exercise form the main pillars for an ideal glycemic control, essential for an individual with T1DM to grow adequately with the prevention of diabetes complications. FOOD CONSUMPTION AND TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS 3. The Carbohydrate Counting method is a food planning tool that has a proven influence on the improvement of glycemic control, in addition to allowing diet flexibility [5]
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