Influence of fertilizers on the formation of yield and sowing qualities of spring wheat seeds under the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

Abstract

Spring wheat is a valuable food and feed crop with a favorable combination of protein and carbohydrates. Breeders are constantly working to create varieties of spring soft wheat that give stable and high yields even under extreme conditions of its cultivation. The use of fertilizers is an important factor in increasing the yield of spring wheat. Wheat is a valuable feed crop, which is widely used as part of compound feed for poultry and pigs. The purpose of the research was to scientifi cally substantiate the choice of the most eff ective method of using liquid mineral fertilizers on the backgrounds of natural soil fertility and application of N16P16K16, their infl uence on the formation of the crop, sowing qualities and yield properties of spring wheat seeds in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The infl uence of liquid mineral fertilizers on the backgrounds of natural and mineral nutrition on the density of agrocenosis, crop formation, sowing qualities of seeds and their yield properties has been studied. When using liquid forms of complex mineral fertilizers, methods of their application have been identifi ed that positively aff ect the dynamics of plant growth, yield and quality of seed material of spring soft wheat. It was found as a result of the research that in order to form a high yield with the best indicators of sowing qualities and yielding properties of spring wheat seeds of Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety under the conditions of the Middle Volga region, it is necessary to observe a set of agrotechnical techniques developed for this region. Against the background of pre–sowing application of fertilizer N16P16K16 (1 centner/ha), seed treatment should be carried out before sowing with the preparation Megamix – Seeds (2 l/t) followed by non-root fertilizing in the phases “tillering” and “ear formation” with the preparation Megamix – Profi (1 l/ha).