Abstract
Abstract Barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) powders were synthesized through hydrothermal process with Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O and TiO 2 . By increasing the feedstock concentration (FC) from 0.25 to 1.50 M, BaTiO 3 powders maintain a stable average particle size (~180 nm and ~6.4441 m 2 /g) with an increasing tetragonality ( c/a : 1.0065–1.0075). Johnson-Mehl-Avrami and standard reaction rate equations were adopted to analyze the kinetic process of BaTiO 3 formation. The reaction is governed by first-order and phase-boundary-controlled mechanism for 0.25 M and 1.50 M, respectively. Lower extent of reaction is believed to lead to the better tetragonality for BaTiO 3 powders fabricated with higher FC. On the other hand, the relative stable particle size is correlated with the unvaried nucleation frequency and grain growth rate with various FC. This work can provide a guideline to manipulate the properties of BaTiO 3 powders used in electronic industry.
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