Influence of feed additives on the digestibility and use of nutrients in the diet of calves in the preweaning period of rearing

Abstract

Optimization of the diet of animals taking into account biogeochemical provinces is important in the issue of their complete feeding, especially in the first months of postnatal development. There is a shortage of nutrients such as manganese, cobalt, iodine, zinc and copper in feed most often in the Ural region. The purpose of the research was to compare the influence of the phytomineral complex Vitafit with biogenic elements and the amylolytic enzyme Glucolyux F when they were included in the diet of calves in the preweaning period of rearing. The inclusion in the diet of calves of the phytomineral complex Vitafit with biogenic elements from alfalfa hay containing mineral salts of manganese, copper, cobalt, zinc and iodine at a dose of 100 ml/head/day, as well as the enzyme Glucolux F at the rate of 0,50 kg/t of compound feed with their separate use had a less noticeable influence on digestibility nutrients of the diet in comparison with their complex feeding. Which allowed to increase the digestibility of crude protein by 3,35 abs.%, fat by 3,02, fiber by 6,35 and nitrogen-free extractive substances by by 1,81 abs.% in comparison with analogues of the control group. In the body of calves in the group with the combined use of the phytomineral complex and the enzyme, nitrogen deposition was higher by 14,2 %, and calcium and phosphorus, respectively, by 12,7 and 16,7 %. Higher retention of nutrients in the diet of calves with the combined use of the phytomineral complex and the enzyme increased the absolute gain in live weight of calves by 6,3 %, while with when they were fed separately, the increase did not exceed 3,1 and 4,2 %. A higher live weight of calves in the group with a complex additive reduced expenditures of feed per unit of increase by 0,5–4,6 %, with one phytomineral complex it was by 1,2–1,8 %, with an amylolytic enzyme by 1,9–3,1 %.