Abstract
The design and slicing technique of artificial soft tissue are presented. Artificial soft tissue has optical penetration properties similar to biological tissues. The soft tissues are made of agar dissolved in water as a transparent tissue (control) incorporated with scatter materials such as polystyrene microspheres and absorbers such as artificial dairy substitute, coffee mate (Carnation Co.). The radiation's interaction with 20 and 40 keV X-ray, and visible light (400–800 nm) with different types of tissue phantoms has been investigated. The half value layer (HVL), attenuation coefficient, energy density and penetration depth through the artificial tissues has been calculated. X-ray radiation depth show significant reduction in soft tissue incorporated with polystyrene microspheres. At extremely low energy (E), the half value layer decreases with increasing the energy, while the attenuation coefficient increase. The calculated values of the half value layers are in very good agreement with experimental results. The calculated values of effective linear attenuation coefficient, are found to be µeff(0.22–0.42). Significant reduction in superficial dose with clear image is found with 10 mm soft tissue filter used. These results suggests: possible enhancement in diagnostic imaging and reduction in excess dose to patients; artificial soft tissue can be used as filter substitute.
Highlights
For the last few decades, extensive work has been done to investigate and develop photodynamic therapy and to minimize the superficial dose from diagnostic beams
This research work can describes the production of an artificial cheap tissue phantom with well controlled tissue slicing of same thicknesses
The major advantage of this technique it can be used to simulate the biological tissue at different thicknesses using different wavelength and different energies
Summary
For the last few decades, extensive work has been done to investigate and develop photodynamic therapy and to minimize the superficial dose from diagnostic beams. It is well known that extremely low energy (E) is absorbed in the first few millimeters of the tissue without useful help in imaging and diagnosing. A small amount of penetration and absorption of low energy photons incident on tissue is the main objective in optical penetration for diagnostic and photodynamic therapy. The penetration depth and the mean path length provide useful information for superficial therapy treatment and diagnostic of disorders, measurements of tissue oxygenation, and functional imaging of muscle and brain. The depth reached by penetrating photons provides information on the volume of investigated tissue, while the mean path is found to be related to the sensitivity and to local variations in the absorption [1].
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