Abstract
In this study, the bioactive compounds of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) skin and pulp extracted by two extraction methods (solvent and ultrasound-assisted) with three solvents (ethanol, water and ethanol–water) were compared to supercritical fluid extraction. The antioxidant activities of skin and pulp extracts were evaluated and compared to tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH˙) radical scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and the Rancimat assays. In DPPH assay solvent extracts of skin by ethanol (SSE) and ethanol–water (SSEW) showed strong inhibitory activity. The SSEW also showed the highest inhibition percentage of 85.58% by the β-carotene bleaching assay and longest induction time of 4.78 h by the Rancimat method. The large amount of tocopherols and phenolics contained in the skin extract may cause its strong antioxidant ability. The results indicated that the solvent extraction with ethanol–water produced the maximum extraction yield of phenolic and tocopherol compounds from loquat fruit skin and pulp. Furthermore, solvent extraction was the most effective in antioxidant activity of the extracts compared to other extraction techniques.
Highlights
To prevent oxidation of oils and fats, the use of antioxidants is mandatory because compounds produced from the oxidation of oil, such as hydroperoxide, hydroxyl radical, and a single oxygen capacity can damage biological molecules (Mohdaly et al 2010)
The results revealed that the solvent extraction method was more effective for extraction of compounds from the various parts of the loquat fruit compared to ultrasound-assisted and supercritical CO2 extraction methods
The results of the present study indicated that the solvent extraction was more effective in antioxidant activity of loquat fruit extracts in the DPPHfree radical assay, b-carotene bleaching, and the Rancimat methods
Summary
To prevent oxidation of oils and fats, the use of antioxidants is mandatory because compounds produced from the oxidation of oil, such as hydroperoxide, hydroxyl radical, and a single oxygen capacity can damage biological molecules (Mohdaly et al 2010). This causes cellular damage and the development of physiological abnormalities such as premature aging, neurological, and heart disease (Suja et al 2004). Various studies have shown plants to be a rich source of natural antioxidants. Compounds with antioxidant properties found in plants include the vitamins A, E, and phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, and lignins (Razali et al 2012)
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