Abstract
Previous studies on the composition of lipid content of higher aquatic plants can be found in the literature. The present work aims to study the effect of various solvent extraction systems on the recovery of lipids extracted from the dry biomass of Lemna minor, using the same polar solvent (ethanol) and variating the non-polar solvent as follow: methanol-ethanol, chloroform-ethanol, hexane-ethanol, diethyl ether-ethanol, petroleum ether-ethanol at different volume ratio. The goal is to select a Sohxlet extraction method that shortens the extraction duration and increases the lipid recovery using various solvents. To intensify the extraction process, homogenization was used as a cell disruption method. It is shown that the yield of total lipids is increased by using homogenization from 4.6% to 6.0%. When studying the influence of the solvent system, the highest yield of total lipids was obtained by using hexane-ethanol with a volume ration of 1:1 (8.0% total lipids by dry mass). The yield of lipids recovered from dry biomass of Lemna minor increases by increasing the extraction time. The optimum extraction time was found to be no more than 300 minutes. The composition of the lipid fraction is mainly represented by sterols, fatty acids and triglycerides.
Highlights
IntroductionLipids (from the Greek lipos - "fat") are low-molecular-mass organic compounds, partially or completely insoluble in water
Lipids are low-molecular-mass organic compounds, partially or completely insoluble in water
The yield of the lipids extracted from the biomass of Lemna minor duckweed reached 4.6% for the samples of dry biomass without disintegration and 6.0% for the homogenized biomass samples
Summary
Lipids (from the Greek lipos - "fat") are low-molecular-mass organic compounds, partially or completely insoluble in water. It is known that higher aquatic plants, microalgae, macroalgae and microorganisms contain valuable components, in particular, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In [8], saturated, mono- and polyene fatty acids (LC) with an even and odd number of carbon atoms of a linear and nonlinear structure (C14-C20) were determined by the GC in crustaceans of the White Sea. Saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes (C14-C30) were determined by the GC method [9] in selective ion monitoring mode in endemic sponges of Lake Baikal. The authors carried out a comparative analysis of the separation of neutral and polar lipids from wastes of fat and oil industry by solvents of different polarity, such as hexane, chloroform, butanol, diethyl ether and ethanol-chloroform mixture [10]. In [11], several solvents among which chloroform, acetone, mixtures of hexane-acetone, hexane-ethanol were used for lipid extraction from activated sludge. The hexane-ethanol mixture was found to be the best for lipid recovery. The extraction is most often carried out in Soxhlet apparatus [12] to increase the yield of lipid recovery, which allows the extraction time to be reduced to several hours using various solvents, depending on the target lipid components to be extracted
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