Influence of Exogenous Salicylic Acid and Nitric Oxide on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Salt Stressed Vigna angularis.

Mohammad Abass Ahanger,Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli,Parvaiz Ahmad,Usman Aziz,Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni

doi:10.3390/biom10010042

Mohammad Abass Ahanger, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alsahli + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10010042

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Abstract

The present study was carried out to investigate the beneficial role of exogenous application of salicylic acid (1 mM SA) and nitric oxide (100 μM NO) in preventing the oxidative damage in Vigna angularis triggered by salinity stress. Salinity (100 mM NaCl) stress reduced growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, gas exchange parameters, and photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) significantly. Exogenous application of SA and NO was affective in enhancing these growth and photosynthetic parameters. Salinity stress reduced relative water content over control. Further, the application of SA and NO enhanced the synthesis of proline, glycine betaine, and sugars as compared to the control as well as NaCl treated plants contributing to the maintenance of tissue water content. Exogenous application of SA and NO resulted in up-regulation of the antioxidant system. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the content of non-enzymatic components, were more in SA + NO treated seedlings as compared to control and salinity stressed counterparts resulting in significant alleviation of the NaCl mediated oxidative damage. Content of nitrogen, potassium, and calcium increased due to SA and NO under normal conditions and NaCl stress conditions while as Na and Cl content reduced significantly.

Highlights

Salinity stress is considered one of the devastating abiotic stress factors affecting the growth and productivity of crop plants [1,2]
Salinity stress declined the growth of Vigna angularis significantly over the control, and the application of NO or Salicylic acid (SA), individually or in combination, mitigated the decline to considerable levels
The content of Na and Cl was significantly declined due to SA and Exogenous application of SA and NO considerably averted the deleterious effects of salinity stress in Vigna angularis by declining the generation of ROS and improving mineral ion uptake

Summary

Introduction

Salinity stress is considered one of the devastating abiotic stress factors affecting the growth and productivity of crop plants [1,2]. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 42 oxygen species (ROS), which includes hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals [4,5]. These radicals are continuously produced at different sites within the cells. Plants are equipped with different tolerance mechanisms to counteract the damaging effects of salinity stress, which include antioxidant systems, efficient ion compartmentation, and improved accumulation of osmolytes [1,4]. It has been reported that salinity stressed plants exhibit up-regulation of antioxidant systems and osmolyte accumulation [5,7]. The last few years have focused on the exogenous use of phytohormones for strengthening the tolerance mechanisms as to improve the growth and yield performance of plants

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