Influence of estrogen receptor α polymorphisms on bone density in response to habitual exercise in Japanese postmenopausal women.

Hiroyo Kondo,Hidemi Fujino,Akihiko Ishihara,Fumiko Nagatomo

doi:10.1155/2014/593927

Hiroyo Kondo, Hidemi Fujino + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/593927

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Abstract

Estrogen receptor α (ER α) is one of candidate genes for osteoporosis. This study examined the influence of ER α gene, PvuII, and XbaI genotypes on bone density of calcaneus in response to habitual exercise. ER α polymorphisms were detected using PvuII and XbaI restriction enzymes in 316 Japanese postmenopausal women. The bone density was significantly lower in the women carrying PP, pp, or xx genotype without habitual exercise than in the age-matched women without those genotypes. The women carrying Pp genotype without habitual exercise had normal bone density compared to those without Pp genotype. The women carrying PPxx or ppxx polymorphism without habitual exercise had low bone density compared to those with habitual exercise. Thus, the reduction of bone density was attenuated in the women carrying PPxx or ppxx with habitual exercise. In addition, habitual exercise was highly effective for the bone density in the women carrying xx homozygote. These findings indicate that analyses of XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms of ER α may be useful to predict the effect of exercise on bone density, and habitual exercise attenuates the reduction of bone density in women with some genotypes.

Highlights

Osteoporosis is one of skeletal disorders that predispose to increased risk of fractures and is a multifactor disease caused by lifestyle and multiple genetic factors
There were no significant differences in age, height, body weight, or body mass index (BMI) between the exercise and nonexercise groups (Table 1)
We found that the bone density of heel calcaneus was improved by habitual exercise, and this improvement depends on the presence of PvuII and XbaI genotypes

Summary

Introduction

Osteoporosis is one of skeletal disorders that predispose to increased risk of fractures and is a multifactor disease caused by lifestyle and multiple genetic factors. Regarding the role of genetic predispositions in osteoporosis, the vitamin D receptor polymorphism concerning the bone density in postmenopausal women was reported [4]. A follow-up study [5] has been performed to evaluate whether bone density is affected by vitamin D receptor because bone homeostasis is known to be regulated by the vitamin D secretion system. The role of vitamin D receptor polymorphism in the bone density was reported to be 2.5% in a meta-analysis [6]. Genes that appear to be important for bone homeostasis include calcium-regulating hormone receptors such as estrogen receptor α (ERα), cytokines [7, 8], and other bone-related proteins [9]. Several studies [13,14,15] have addressed the relationship between XbaI and PvuII polymorphisms of ERα gene and bone density in pre-

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