Abstract
Objective: To assess the association between environmental factors during pregnancy and early childhood with the presence and severity of Molar Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH) . Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 120 patients between 7 and 14 years of age. MIH was evaluated according to EAPD criteria. Data collected included the child’s medical history and the mother’s health. Chi-square and logistic regression were performed to determine any statistical evidence of the environmental factors, with the significance level set at 5%. Results: The participants were divided into groups with MIH (n=60) and without MIH (n=60), with average ages of 9.9 (±1.9) and 9.7 (±1.7) years, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between intercurrences during pregnancy (OR=3.55; IC95%=1.35-10.57) and medication taken by the child (OR=3.01; IC95%=1.74-8.42) and the presence of MIH. In addition, other variables were also associated with the MIH (p≤0.05). However, there was no association with variables and degree of MIH severity (p>0.05) . Conclusion: The use of medications in childhood and complications during pregnancy can be association to the presence of MIH. However, these factors do not interaction to MIH severity.
Highlights
Developmental enamel defects have been the most widely studied dental anomaly over the past few years [1,2]
The participants were divided into children with Molar Incisor Hipomineralization (MIH) (n=60) and without MIH (n=60), with average ages of 9.9 (±1.9) and 9.7 (±1.7) years, respectively (Table 1)
Logistic regression showed that MIH was statistically associated with complications during the gestational period (OR = 3, 55; 95% CI=1.35-10.57, p=0.014) and with children using medication (OR=3.01; 95%CI=1.74-8.42, p=0.019)
Summary
Developmental enamel defects have been the most widely studied dental anomaly over the past few years [1,2]. Hypomineralization lesion has been associated with permanent canines and primary second molars called Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPMs) [5,6] The prevalence of this condition varies considerably in different parts of the world, ranging from 2.8 to 44% [7,8,9]. One of the main characteristics of MIH is enamel porosity and demarcated opacity, which may vary from white/yellowish to brown [4]. Another characteristic is that MIH can undergo post-eruptive enamel breakdown due to masticatory forces [4,10], resulting in hypersensitivity of the affected teeth, which makes oral hygiene difficult to perform and may result in caries lesions [10,11]. Owing to the many consequences of MIH to individuals, periodic dental appointments are important to help management hypomineralization lesions [14]
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