Abstract
One of the main indicators of the successful adaptation of an organism to environmental conditions is a good reproductive ability of gobies. After all, the fertilizing ability of sperm is the most important quality indicator. Different breeds of animals are not equally resistant to environmental influences. In some, the changes are relatively superficial, in others, they lead to a significant change in the physiological functions of the body. Scientific research was carried out in the SPK PZ “Druzhba” Apanasenkovsky district, which is one of the driest regions of the Stavropol Territory, with a sharply continental climate. The histology, immunohistochemistry and morphometry of the testes (6 animals of each breed) of 18-month-old bulls of the Hereford, Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk cattle breeds were influenced by climatic factors. The results of the study showed that 18-month-old bulls of all three studied breeds of cattle have full-fledged spermatogenesis. Structural elements of the connective tissue part of the wall of convoluted tubules demonstrated morphological equivalents of the integrity of the hematotesticular barrier. The proportion of tubules with pronounced destruction of spermatogenic epithelium was 2–3 percent. The diameter of the convoluted seminal tubules in animals of all breeds was more than 200 microns. The population of Leydig cells was characterized by a variety of cell forms, the predominant being rounded and polygonal cells with light nuclei and well-developed cytoplasm. The morphology of Leydig cells indicated their ability to actively synthesize sex hormones. A comparative analysis of the testes of gobies of the three studied breeds did not reveal any pronounced breed differences in the structure of the male sex glands of these animals. This indicates that the morphofunctional characteristic of the testes is a stable and conservative indicator, which changes little in the course of selection work.
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