Influence of Environmental and Physical Factors on Capture of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in a Flour Mill

Abstract

Variation in environmental and physical factors within food processing facilities can influence both the distribution of stored-product pests and trapping efficiency. Data from a long-term Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) monitoring program was used to evaluate spatial variation in captures among trap locations and to determine relationships with environmental and physical variables. From the complete monitoring data set, different subsets were created for the cool and warm seasons, and period of time when environmental and physical factors were measured (2009-2010), with all data sets showing significant differences among trap locations in terms of beetle captures and proportion of time that traps exceeded 2.5 beetles per trap per monitoring period. There was also considerable temporal variation in distribution among the different levels of the mill. Among the environmental and physical variables measured, mean temperature and flour dust accumulation showed the most significant positive relationships with variation of beetle captures at trap locations. More beetles were captured in traps located in close proximity to milling equipment. Presence of equipment near traps was also associated with an increase in flour dust accumulation and temperature. Overall the environmental and physical factors seemed to have a limited influence on variation in captures among trap locations, with temporal variation in distribution perhaps overwhelming potential influences of local trap conditions.