Abstract
Youth unemployment and underemployment are grave social issues prevalent in developing countries. Ensuring that youth attain productive ends or sustainable livelihood outcomes is a major concern of many governments, organisations and institutions globally. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of enterprise strategy typologies on youth livelihood outcomes in Kamukunji Sub-County, Nairobi County, Kenya. Anchored on Department for International Development livelihoods framework and the General Systems Theory, the study applied a cross-sectional survey research design to gather data from 201 youth from registered youth groups. Analysis was conducted using descriptive frequencies and inferential statistics, namely Chi-square, Z statistic and Ordered Logistic Regression. Findings from inferential statistics established that regardless of the livelihood strategy typology youth adopted (business, wage employment, homemaking, arts & talents and agriculture-based), the livelihood outcomes did not differ significantly. As a group, livelihood strategy typology did not jointly determine youth livelihood outcomes. However, specific enterprise strategies whose parameters attained statistical significance were: wage employment (β = 0.74, p < 0.05) and arts/talent (β = 0.26, p < 0.05) which were important in predicting the level of YLO level. The study recommends that State and Non-State actors should implement elaborate and expansive business incubation and mentorship programs for youth. To improve livelihood outcomes for all youth, development agencies should ensure that youth-focused interventions target all typologies of enterprise strategies undertaken by the youth.
Highlights
The Department for International Trade hereafter referred to as DFID (1999) Livelihoods Framework highlights key influential factors such as assets or capitals, vulnerability context, transformation structures and processes all of which affect the choice of enterprise strategies undertaken
Wage employment, homemaking, arts/talent-based and agriculture-based activities as shown in Table 3\1, were found to be the primary enterprise strategies sorted by youth before their membership into youth groups
Despite diversifying into the informal sector after joining different youth groups, the results indicate that this did not result in significant positive livelihood outcomes for the youths
Summary
The Department for International Trade hereafter referred to as DFID (1999) Livelihoods Framework highlights key influential factors such as assets or capitals, vulnerability context, transformation structures and processes all of which affect the choice of enterprise strategies undertaken. Arkoh (2019) demonstrated that the extent and depth of assets or capital that an individual can access would often influence their abilities, capabilities, and strategies for pursuing employment and productivity. There exists a vulnerability context which consists of the external environment in which people pursue their livelihoods (Serrat, 2017; DFID, 1999). This context can destroy, create or affect asset availability as well options of enterprise strategies available to individuals
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